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. 2026 May 8;17:1818526. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1818526

Figure 2.

Three structural equation models compare the relationships among covariates, exercise addiction or exercise procrastination, physical activity, and mental well-being in university students. Panel (a) models exercise addiction, showing a significant negative total association with mental well-being but no significant indirect effect through physical activity. Panels (b) and (c) model exercise procrastination in lower and higher score ranges, respectively, showing no significant indirect effects through physical activity.

Mediation model linking exercise addiction and exercise procrastination to mental well-being via physical activity. (a) shows the model with exercise addiction as the independent variable, whereas (b,c) show models with exercise procrastination of different score ranges as the dependent variable. Red lines indicate non-significant pathways between variables. The numbers outside the parentheses represent standardized regression coefficients, whereas those inside the parentheses represent p-values.