Table 2.

Social vulnerability variables.

Variable	Abbreviation	Description
Medical insurance	MI	Proportion of population covered by medical insurance, reflecting access to healthcare resources during and after flood events.
Unemployment	UE	Proportion of unemployed population, indicating economic instability and limited recovery capacity.
Living alone	LA	Proportion of individuals living alone, representing limited household-level social support.
Unmarried women	UW	Proportion of unmarried women, reflecting potential social and economic vulnerability in disaster contexts.
Rent population	RP	Proportion of population living in rented housing, associated with residential instability and weaker community attachment.
Educational level	EL	Proportion of population with low educational attainment, indicating constraints in risk awareness and access to early warning information.
Action capabilities	AC	Ratio of elderly and young populations to the working-age population, representing mobility and evacuation constraints.
Disposable income	DI	Average disposable income of residents, reflecting economic capacity for disaster preparedness and recovery.
Salary level	SL	Average wage level of employed population, indicating income stability and financial resilience.