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. 2026 Apr 1;13:778. doi: 10.1038/s41597-026-07100-x

Table 2.

Structural, chemical, and physical properties of constituent elements of oxides for regression models, given as “features” for symbolic regression modeling.

Properties Description Unit
O® Molar ratio of oxygen ions to metal ions —
M Atomic mass g·mol−1
Z Valence —
rVI Shannon ionic radius with sixfold coordination to oxygen108,109 Å
r Shannon ionic radius depending on nc (see below)108,109 Å
B Bulk modulus GPa
G Shear modulus GPa
ρ Density g·cm−3
ρmol Molar density, defined as ρ/M mol·cm−3
ηf Ionic filling rate (per unit volume), defined as ηf=Navoρmol43πrVI3 where Navo is the Avogadro’s constant —
n Principal quantum number of valence electrons —
l Azimuthal quantum number of valence electrons —
α Thermal expansion coefficient (linear not volumetric) K−1
κ Thermal conductivity W·m−1·K−1
χ−χO Difference in electronegativity between metal ions and oxygen —
ν Poisson’s ratio —
θD Debye temperature K
nc Coordination number to oxygen ions, which depends on the occupied sites (As, Bs, or Cs) in different crystal classes. For example, in perovskite oxides, nc for As and Bs are given as 12 and 6, respectively —
⋯ Average over the constituent metal ions Common to ⋯
σ⋯ Standard deviation over the constituent metal ions Common to ⋯
r⋯ Skewness over the constituent metal ions —