Table 3.

Clinical, cognitive, and functional outcomes not included in the meta-analysis

Outcome domain	Outcome	Study	Direction versus placebo	Significant
Symptom severity	PANSS total	Siskind et al 21	No change	No
	PANSS positive	Siskind et al 21	Decrease	No
	PANSS negative	Siskind et al 21	Decrease	No
	PANSS general psychopathology	Siskind et al 21	Increase	No
	PANSS-6	Sass et al 26	Increase	No
	CGI-S	Sass et al 26	Increase	No
Cognition	BACS verbal memory learning	Siskind et al 21	Increase	Yes
	BACS symbol coding	Siskind et al 21	Decrease	No
	BACS animals	Siskind et al 21	Decrease	No
	BACS digital sequencing	Siskind et al 21	Increase	No
	Trail Making Test A (time/errors)	Siskind et al 21	Mixed	No
	Trail Making Test B (time/errors)	Siskind et al 21	Mixed	No
Functioning	GAPD	Sass et al 26	Decrease	No
Quality of life	SQLS psychosocial	Sass et al 26	Decrease	No
	SQLS motivation	Sass et al 26	Decrease	No
	SQLS adverse effects	Sass et al 26	Decrease	No
Substance use	AUDIT	Siskind et al 21	Decrease	No
	AUDIT	Sass et al 26	Increase	No
	FTND (nicotine dependence)	Sass et al 26	Decrease	Yes

PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression–Severity; BACS, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia; GAPD, Global Assessment of Psychosocial Disability; SQLS, Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; FTND, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence.