Table 2.

EI Referral and Enrollment for Infants and Toddlers Born January 1, 2013 Through December 31, 2017 in MA

Outcome	Any Substance Exposure n = 6565	With NAS Diagnosis 4843	Without NAS Diagnosis 1722	Without Substance Exposure 340,189	p (Substance-Exposed Newborns with NAS vs without NAS)	p (Any Substance Exposure vs without Substance exposure)
	N (Column Percent) or Mean (SD)
Referred	5602 (85.3)	4242 (87.6)	1360 (79.0)	117,603 (34.6)	<0.001	<0.001
Enrolled (among referred)	2775 (49.5)	2255 (53.2)	520 (38.2)	66,688 (56.7)	<0.001	<0.001
Duration of enrollment (d)
<183	1158 (42.3)	939 (42.2)	219 (42.9)	27,751 (42.5)	0.916	0.004
183–365	1092 (39.9)	888 (39.9)	204 (39.9)	27,382 (41.9)
>365	488 (17.8)	400 (18.0)	88 (17.2)	10,196 (15.6)

EI, early intervention; MA, Massachusetts; NAS, neonatal abstinence syndrome.