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. 2026 May 23;6:77. doi: 10.1186/s44158-026-00409-4

Table 7.

SOP adherence of the treatment team

All patients
n = 166
Group 1 pre-SOP
n = 50
Group 2 post-SOP
n = 116
1 st CSF examinations, n (%) 100 (60.2) 27 (54.0) 73 (62.9)
2nd CSF examinations, n (%) 112 (67,5) 31 (62.0) 81 (69.8)
3rd CSF examinations, n (%) 43 (25.9) 16 (32.0) 27 (23.3)
Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis,
 n (%) 144 (86.7) 38 (76.0) 106 (91.4)
 Empirical antibiotic therapy, n (%) 29 (17.5) 14 (28.0) 15 (12.9)
 Empirical antibiotic therapy All patients Group 1 pre-SOP Group 2 pre-SOP
n = 29 n = 14 n = 15
 Adjustment after pathogen detection, n (%) 11 (37.9) 5 (35.7) 4 (26.7)
 Termination in not-confirmed ventriculitis, n (%) 2 (6.7) 0 2 (13.3)
 No adjustment, n (%) 3 (10.0) 2 (14.3) 1 (6.7)

The adherence of the treatment team to the SOP was analyzed regarding the following key aspects: frequency of csf sampling, administration of antibiotic prophylaxis prior EVD insertion, initiation of empirical antibiotic therapy based on the algorithm, adjustment of antibiotic therapy according to follow-up investigations and premature discontinuation of antibiotic therapy in not-confirmed ventriculitis or adjustment of antibiotic therapy after pathogen identification

Abbreviations: CSF cerebrospinal fluid, SOP standard operation procedure, n number