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. 2026 May 8;15(5):598. doi: 10.3390/antiox15050598
MB-LE Montanoa bipinnatifida C. Koch leaf extract
FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy
ESI-FT-ICR-MS Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance coupled with electrospray ionization
GC-MS Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry
UV–Vis Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor α
IL-6 Interleukin-6
EPA Eicosapentaenoic Acid
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
NF-κB Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
Na2CO3 Sodium carbonate
ATR Attenuated Total Reflectance
MeOH Methanol
ABTS•+ 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
TAC Total antioxidant content
Na2S2O8 Sodium persulfate
FRAP Ferric ion Reducing Antioxidant Power
Fe3+-TPTZ Ferric ions (Fe3+) with the ligand 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine
Fe2+-TPTZ Ferrous ions (Fe2+) with the ligand 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine
EAG Gallic Acid Equivalent
H2O Water
PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
IC50 Half-maximal Inhibitory Concentration
TPC Total Phenolic Content
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology