Algorithm 2 Ranking-based differential mutation of “DE/rand/1”

Begin

Sort the population and distribute the selection probability $P_i$

Randomly select $r_1\in \left\{1,N_p\right\}$ {base vector index}

while $rand>p_{r_1}or{r}_1==i$

Randomly select $r_1\in \left\{1,N_p\right\}$

end

Randomly select $r_2\in \left\{1,N_p\right\}$ {terminal vector index}

while $rand>p_{r_2}or{r}_2==r_{1}or{r}_2==i$

Randomly select $r_2\in \left\{1,N_p\right\}$

end

Randomly select $r_3\in \left\{1,N_p\right\}$ {starting vector index}

while $r_3==r_{2}or{r}_3==r_{1}or{r}_3==i$

Randomly select $r_3\in \left\{1,N_p\right\}$

end

End