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. 2026 May 12;18(10):1564. doi: 10.3390/cancers18101564
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
ARE Antioxidant response element
ATF4 Activating transcription factor 4
ATF6 Activating transcription factor 6
ATG Autophagy-related gene/protein
BACH1 BTB and CNC homology 1
BAX BCL2-associated X protein
BCL2 B-cell lymphoma 2
BCLAF1 BCL2-associated transcription factor 1
BECN1 Beclin-1
BH3 BCL2 homology 3
BiP/GRP78 Binding immunoglobulin protein/Glucose-regulated protein 78
BNIP3 BCL2 interacting protein 3
BNIP3L BCL2 interacting protein 3-like
Ca2+ Calcium ion
CaMKKβ Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta
CHOP C/EBP homologous protein
DAPK Death-associated protein kinase
DRAM Damage-regulated autophagy modulator
EIF2α Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha
ER Endoplasmic reticulum
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FADD Fas-associated protein with death domain
FOXO Forkhead box O
GADD153 Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153
GSK3β Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
HIF-1α Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha
HSP Heat shock protein
IRE1α Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha
IP3R Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LC3 Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
LAMP2A Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAM Mitochondria-associated membrane
MEK Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin
mTORC1 mTOR complex 1
mTORC2 mTOR complex 2
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa B
NRF2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PERK Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
PHLPP PH domain and Leucine-rich repeat Protein Phosphatase
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PML Promyelocytic leukemia protein
p38 MAPK p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
PP2A Protein Phosphatase 2A
PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog
PUMA p53 Upregulated Modulator of Apoptosis
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SQSTM1/p62 Sequestosome 1
STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TSC1/2 Tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2
ULK1 Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1
UPR Unfolded protein response
VPS34 Vacuolar protein sorting 34
XBP1 X-box binding protein 1
XBP1s Spliced X-box binding protein 1
XBP1u Unspliced X-box binding protein 1