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. 2026 May 19;17(5):517. doi: 10.3390/insects17050517
ACh Acetylcholine
AChE Acetylcholinesterase
CS Conditioned stimulus
CYP Cytochrome P450
DMF 2,4-dimethylformamide
DMPF N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N′-methylformamidine
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid
IAPV Israeli acute paralysis virus
LC-MS Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
LOEC Lowest observed effect concentration
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
Oamb Octopamine receptor in mushroom bodies
Oct-TyrR Octopamine–tyramine receptor
OctαR Octopamine alpha-adrenergic-like receptor
Octβ2R Octopamine beta 2 receptor
PCR Polymerase chain reaction
PER Proboscis extension reflex
qPCR Quantitative polymerase chain reaction
RDL Resistant to dieldrin
TRP Transient receptor potential
USA United States of America