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. 2026 May 15;15(10):3821. doi: 10.3390/jcm15103821
Study PICO Protocol * Design Choice Search * Selection Duplicate Extraction Duplicate Excluded Studies * Included Study
Details 		RoB Tool * Funding of Primary Studies Meta Methods * RoB Impact on Synthesis RoB in Interpretation * Heterogeneity Publication Bias * Review COI Overall
Cursino de Moura 2024 [18] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Partial Yes No Yes Critically low
Elbadrawy 2025 [27] Yes No Yes Partial Partial Yes No Yes Yes Partial Yes No Partial Yes No Yes Critically low
Gomes Neto 2017 [20] Yes No Yes Partial Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No Yes Critically low
Hulzebos 2012 [21] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Partial Yes Moderate
Hurtado-Borrego 2025 [22] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Low
Katsura 2015 [31] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes High
Kendall 2018 [32] Yes No Yes Partial Yes No No Yes No No Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Critically low
Marmelo 2018 [4] Yes No Yes Partial No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Critically low
Rodrigues 2021 [24] Yes No Yes Partial Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Partial Yes No Partial Critically low
Shahood 2022 [26] Yes Yes Yes Partial Partial Partial No Yes Yes No Yes No Partial Yes No Yes Critically low
Snowdon 2014 [25] Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Partial Yes No Yes Critically low
Steinmetz 2023 [7] Yes Yes Yes Partial Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Partial Yes Low
Steinmetz 2026 [29] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Partial Yes Low
Thybo Karanfil 2018 [23] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Critically low
Wang 2023 [28] Yes No Yes Partial Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Partial Yes No Partial Critically low
Wang 2024 [30] Yes No Yes Partial Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Partial Yes No Yes Critically low
Yau 2021 [5] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Critically low
* Critical AMSTAR 2 domains.