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. 2026 May 21;27(10):4636. doi: 10.3390/ijms27104636
Akt Protein kinase B
CQ Chloroquine
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
G1 phase The first phase of the cell cycle
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinases
mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin
NAC N-acetylcysteine
p- phosphorylated
p38 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
p53 Tumor suppressor protein
S phase The phase of DNA synthesis in the cell cycle