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. 2026 May 20;27(10):4579. doi: 10.3390/ijms27104579
PD Parkinson’s disease
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PFFs Pre-formed fibrils
ROS Reactive oxygen species
DMF Dimethyl fumarate
DA Dopaminergic
LBs Lewy bodies
GPX4 Glutathione peroxidase 4
Keap1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
AREs Antioxidant response elements
RRMS Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
AD Alzheimer’s disease
SNpc Substantia nigra pars compacta
IL-6 Interleukin-6
FTH1 Ferritin heavy chain 1
HO-1 Heme oxygenase 1
6-OHDA 6-hydroxydopamine
ALP Autophagy–lysosome pathway
UPS Ubiquitin–proteasome system