| PD | Parkinson’s disease |
| Nrf2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| PFFs | Pre-formed fibrils |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| DMF | Dimethyl fumarate |
| DA | Dopaminergic |
| LBs | Lewy bodies |
| GPX4 | Glutathione peroxidase 4 |
| Keap1 | Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 |
| AREs | Antioxidant response elements |
| RRMS | Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| SNpc | Substantia nigra pars compacta |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| FTH1 | Ferritin heavy chain 1 |
| HO-1 | Heme oxygenase 1 |
| 6-OHDA | 6-hydroxydopamine |
| ALP | Autophagy–lysosome pathway |
| UPS | Ubiquitin–proteasome system |