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. 2026 May 18;27(10):4517. doi: 10.3390/ijms27104517
ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
BFM Berlin–Frankfurt–Münster
CNA copy number alteration
CNS central nervous system
EFS event-free survival
FC flow cytometry
FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
HeH high hyperdiploidy
HR high risk
iAMP21 intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21
IR intermediate risk
MLPA multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification
MPAL mixed phenotype acute leukemia
MRD minimal residual disease
NGS next-generation sequencing
OS overall survival
Ph-like PhilaDelphia chromosome-like
RT-PCR real-time polymerase chain reaction
SR standard risk
WBC white blood cell
WHO World Health Organization