AV	Aortic valve
BISMICS	British and Irish Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
CABG	Coronary artery bypass grafting
CO	Cardiac output
GEARS	Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skill
HFS	High-fidelity simulation
IMA	Internal mammary artery
LFS	Low-fidelity simulation
LVAD	Left-ventricular assist device
MACS	Minimal access cardiac surgery
mGEARS	Modified Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skill
MICA	Minimally invasive coronary anastomosis
MICS	Minimally invasive cardiac surgery
MIDCAB	Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass
MIMVS	Minimally invasive mitral valve repair
MV	Mitral valve
MVR	Mitral valve repair
OPCAB	Off-pump coronary artery bypass
OSAT	Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills
PCS	Perceived competency scale
PVA	Polyvinyl alcohol
RATS	Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
RF	Regurgitant fraction
RVOL	Regurgitant volume
RCT	Randomised controlled trial
SSES	Surgical self-efficacy scale
SVP	Stroke volume set by pump
TBS	Time-based score
TECAB	Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass
TV	Tricuspid valve
VATS	Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
VR	Virtual reality