ACM	Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
ADAM	A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase
ADAMTS	Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs
AF	Atrial fibrillation
AI	Artificial intelligence
α-SMA	Alpha-smooth muscle actin
ASCOT	Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial
BNP	B-type natriuretic peptide
CAD	Coronary artery disease
CD44	Cluster of differentiation 44
CHD	Coronary heart disease
CITP	Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CMR	Cardiac magnetic resonance
CVF	Collagen volume fraction
DAMPs	Damage-associated molecular patterns
DCM	Dilated cardiomyopathy
DE-CMR	Delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance
DECAAF	Delayed-Enhancement MRI Determinant of Successful Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
ECM	Extracellular matrix
ECV	Extracellular volume
E/e′	Ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity
eGFR	Estimated glomerular filtration rate
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMPEROR	Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
EndMT	Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
ERK1/2	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
Gal-3	Galectin-3
HCM	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HF	Heart failure
HFmrEF	Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
HFpEF	Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFrEF	Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus
HOMAGE	Heart Omics in AGEing
IL-33	Interleukin-33
JNK1/2	c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2
LA	Left atrial
LGE	Late gadolinium enhancement
LV	Left ventricular
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MF	Myocardial fibrosis
MI	Myocardial infarction
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase
MMP-1	Matrix metalloproteinase-1
MMP-9	Matrix metalloproteinase-9
MMP-12	Matrix metalloproteinase-12
MVP	Mitral valve prolapse
NT-proBNP	N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
PAH	Pulmonary arterial hypertension
MeSH	Medical Subject Headings
PICP	C-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I
PI3K/Akt	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein kinase B signaling pathway
PINP	N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I
PIIINP	N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III
PIP	Procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide
RAAS	Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
RCT	Randomized controlled trial
ROCKs	Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SGLT2	Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2
SIV	Simian immunodeficiency virus
SMAD	Intracellular signaling proteins mediating TGF-β signaling
sST2	Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2
SPP1	Secreted phosphoprotein 1
TAC	Transverse aortic constriction
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TIMP	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
TIMP-1	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1
TIMP-3	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3
TIMP-4	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor