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. 2026 May 6;24(5):166. doi: 10.3390/md24050166
Akt protein kinase B
ALA α-linolenic acid
AT adipose tissue
BMI body mass index
CIDEA cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A
CLS crown-like structures
CRP C-reactive protein
DAG Diacylglycerol
DHA docosahexaenoic acid
EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
FA fatty acid
FAP fibro-adipogenic progenitors
FFA free fatty acid
GLUT4 glucose transporter type 4
GPR120 G-protein coupled receptor 120
GSK 3 glycogen synthase kinase-3
HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c
HDL high-density lipoprotein
HFD high-fat diet
HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
IGF insulin-like growth factor
IL interleukin
IMCL intramyocellular lipids
IR insulin resistance
IRS insulin receptor substrate
IRS-1 insulin receptor substrate 1
JAK janus kinases
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LC long chain
LDL low-density lipoprotein
LPS lipopolysaccharide
MCP monocyte chemoattractant protein
MIP macrophage inflammatory protein
mTORC2 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2
n-3 omega 3
NFκB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP3 NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
p38 MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
PGC1α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKC-zeta protein kinase C zeta
PPARγ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
PRDM16 PR domain containing 16
PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid
ROS reactive oxygen species
SFA saturated fatty acid
SOCS suppressor of cytokine signaling
STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription
T2D type 2 diabetes mellitus
TCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle
TGF-β transforming growth factor-beta
Th cells T helper cells
TLR Toll-like receptor
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha
UCP1 uncoupling protein 1
VLDL very-low-density lipoprotein
WAT white adipose tissue