| APS | Astragalus polysaccharides |
| GPS | Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides |
| CK | control group |
| AG | Astragalus polysaccharides and Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides supplementation group |
| T-AOC | total antioxidant capacity |
| T-SOD | total superoxide dismutase |
| GSH-Px | glutathione peroxidase |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| LC-MS | liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry |
| LC-MS/MS | liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry |
| ESI | electrospray ionization |
| m/z | mass-to-charge ratio |
| QC | quality control |
| PCA | principal component analysis |
| PLS-DA | partial least squares discriminant analysis |
| VIP | variable importance in projection |
| FC | fold change |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| ROC | receiver operating characteristic |
| AUC | area under the curve |
| SPSS | Statistical Package for the Social Sciences |
| SD | standard deviation |