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. 2026 Apr 22;16(5):705. doi: 10.3390/life16050705
APS Astragalus polysaccharides
GPS Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides
CK control group
AG Astragalus polysaccharides and Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides supplementation group
T-AOC total antioxidant capacity
T-SOD total superoxide dismutase
GSH-Px glutathione peroxidase
MDA malondialdehyde
LC-MS liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
LC-MS/MS liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
ESI electrospray ionization
m/z mass-to-charge ratio
QC quality control
PCA principal component analysis
PLS-DA partial least squares discriminant analysis
VIP variable importance in projection
FC fold change
KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
ROC receiver operating characteristic
AUC area under the curve
SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
SD standard deviation