CD	Crohn’s disease
RCTs	Randomized controlled trials
ITT	Intention-to-treat
PP	Per-protocol
RRs	Risk ratios
CIs	Confidence intervals
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
POR	Postoperative recurrence
JAK	Janus kinase
PRISMA	Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
RoB2	Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool
ADRs	Adverse drug reactions
GRADE	Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation
SUCRA	Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve
MCMC	Markov chain Monte Carlo
VPCs	Variance partition coefficients
CINeMA	Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis
IQR	Interquartile range
IFX	Infliximab
ADA	Adalimumab
VDZ	Vedolizumab
UST	Ustekinumab
TG	Tripterygium glycosides
IL-10	Interleukin-10
CR	Clinical Recurrence
ER	Endoscopic Recurrence
AZA	Azathioprine
6-MP	6-Mercaptopurine
SASP	Sulfasalazine
EEN	Early Enteral Nutrition
ED-AZA	Endoscopy-driven AZA
5-ASA	5-Aminosalicylic Acid
CFU	Colony Forming Units
NA	Not Available