5-LOX	lipoxygenase-5
A549	human lung cancer cell line
AA	adjuvant arthritis
AAS	Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
ABTS	2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate)
AChE	acetylcholinesterase
AIA	adjuvant-induced arthritis
ALT	alanine aminotransferase
APG	The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
Bel-7402	human liver cancer cell line
BGC823	human gastric cancer cell line
BHT	butylhydroxytoluene
BuOH	n-butanol
CCK-8	Cell Counting Kit-8
CH50	haemolytic complement
CIA	collagen-induced arthritis
CS-Au-MGP	Myricaria germanica polysaccharide chitosan–gold complex
CS–Au–MGP NPs	Myricaria germanica polysaccharide chitosan–gold nanoparticle complex
COX-2	cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme
CZE	Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
DCM	dichloromethane
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DPPH	2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
DTNB	5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), Ellman’s Reagent
EA	ethyl acetate
EC50	half maximal effective concentration
EGF	epidermal growth factor
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
elemen. anal.	elementary analysis
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ESI-MS	Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
EtOH	ethanol
FAAS	Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
FRAP	ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay
FTMS	Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry
GC	Gas Chromatography
GC-FID	Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector
GC-MS	Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
GLC	Gas–Liquid Chromatography
HaCaT	normal keratinocyte cell line
HCT-8	human large intestine adenocarcinoma
HCT-15	colon cancer cell line
HDL	high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
HeLa	cervix cancer cell line
HepG2	liver carcinoma cell line
Huh-7	liver cancer cell line (hepatocyte-derived carcinoma cell line)
HPLC	High Performance Liquid Chromatography
HPLC-UV-DAD	High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV-Diode Array Detector
HREIMS	High-Resolution Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry
HR-ESI-MS	High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
IC50	half maximal inhibitory concentration
IFN-γ	interferon gamma
H2O	water
IgG1	immunoglobulin G1
IgG2	immunoglobulin G2
IgG2a	immunoglobulin G2a
IL-1β	interleukin 1β
IL-2	interleukin
IL-4	interleukin 4
IL-6	interleukin 6
IL-17	interleukin 17
IR	Infrared spectroscopy
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase;
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase (MAPK family)
LC-MS	Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
LC-MS/MS	Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry tandem Mass Spectrometry
LD50	median lethal dose
LDL	low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
LTB4	leukotriene B4
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinases
MDA	malondialdehyde
MeOH	methanol
MCF-7	human breast cancer cell line
MGP	Myricaria germanica polysaccharide
MIC	minimal inhibitory concentration
MIN6	mouse insulinoma cell line
MMP-9	matrix metalloproteinase-9
MPO	myeloperoxidase
MTT	3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
NMR	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NO	nitric oxide
O2•−	superoxide anion
p38	38 kDa polypeptide
p65	65 kDa polypeptide
PARP	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
PC-3	prostate cancer cell line
PCR	polymerase chain reaction
PE	petroleum ether
PLGA	poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
POWO	The Plants of the World Online database
PREP	prolyl endopeptidase
PREPi	prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor
PTGS2	prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2
RA	rheumatoid arthritis
RAW 264.7	a macrophage-like, Abelson leukemia virus-transformed cell line derived from BALB/c mice
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SOD	superoxide dismutase
SRB	sulphorhodamine B
TBARS	thiobarbituric acid reactive species assay
TC	total cholesterol
TG	triglyceride
THP-1	leukemia cell line
TLC	Thin-Layer Chromatography
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor α
UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS	Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography combined with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry
UV	Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
UVB	ultraviolet B