PPU	Perforated peptic ulcer
PRISMA	Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
LOS	Length of hospital stay
SSI	Surgical site infection
OR	Odds ratio
CI	Confidence interval
MD	Mean difference
RCT	Randomized controlled trial
PUD	Peptic ulcer disease
PPI	Proton pump inhibitor
PROSPERO	International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews
PICOS	Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Study design
CDC	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
RoB 2.0	Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, version 2
ROBINS-I	Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions
GRADE	Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations
GDT	GRADE Development Tool
SoF	Summary of Findings
IQR	Interquartile range
SD	Standard deviation
ASA	American Society of Anesthesiologists
AAST	American Association for the Surgery of Trauma
PSM	Propensity-score matching
IV	Inverse variance
M-H	Mantel–Haenszel