ACP	Acid phosphatase
ACh	Acetylcholine
AChE	Acetylcholinesterase
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AD-MSC	Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell
AKAP4	A-kinase anchor protein 4
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
ALT	Alanine aminotransferase
AlCl3	Aluminum chloride
AOPP	Advanced oxidation protein products
AST	Aspartate aminotransferase
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
ATPase	Adenosine triphosphatase
BAPTA-AM	1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl ester)
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BMP-2	Bone morphogenetic protein-2
BUN	Blood urea nitrogen
CAT	Catalase
Cbfα1	Core-binding factor alpha 1
CC BY	Creative Commons Attribution
CD117	Cluster of differentiation 117
CHOP	C/EBP homologous protein
CLD1	Claudin-1
CSF	Cerebrospinal fluid
Cyp19a1	Cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1
DAO	Diamine oxidase
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
ERK1/2	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
FASL	Fas ligand
FSH	Follicle-stimulating hormone
Fe/Zn/Cu	Iron/zinc/copper
GFAP	Glial fibrillary acidic protein
GGT	Gamma-glutamyl transferase
GIT	Gastrointestinal tract
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GLUT4	Glucose transporter type 4
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
GR	Glutathione reductase
GRP78	Glucose-regulated protein 78
GSH	Glutathione
GSK3β	Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
H2O2	Hydrogen peroxide
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
HOMA-β	Homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function
HOMA-IR	Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
HPT	Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular
HT-29	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29
Iba-1	Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor-1
IGF-I	Insulin-like growth factor-I
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-10	Interleukin-10
IL-18	Interleukin-18
IRF8	Interferon regulatory factor 8
IRS-1	Insulin receptor substrate-1
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
KIM-1	Kidney injury molecule-1
Ki-67	Marker of proliferation Ki-67
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
LH	Luteinizing hormone
LTP	Long-term potentiation
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MMP9	Matrix metalloproteinase-9
mRNA	Messenger ribonucleic acid
NADH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form
NAG	N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NGAL	Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
NPSH	Non-protein thiols
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
OAZ3	Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3
OCLN	Occludin
ODF1	Outer dense fiber protein 1
PET	Positron emission tomography
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PINK1	PTEN-induced kinase 1
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
Runx2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
SDH	Succinate dehydrogenase
Ser307	Serine 307
Ser473	Serine 473
Smad	Small mothers against decapentaplegic
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
Syp	Synaptophysin
T3	Triiodothyronine
T4	Thyroxine
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TGF-β1	Transforming growth factor beta 1
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TSH	Thyroid-stimulating hormone
UPPC	University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center
Wnt3a	Wingless-related integration site family member 3A
XBP1	X-box binding protein 1
ZO-1	Zonula occludens-1