AKI	Acute kidney injury
AKT	Protein kinase B
ALT	Alanine aminotransferase
ApoB	Apolipoprotein B
ApoC-III	Apolipoprotein C-III
APRI	AST to platelet ratio index
ARRB1	Beta-arrestin 1
AUROC	Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
BCAAs	Branched-chain amino acids
BHB	Beta-hydroxybutyrate
BMI	Body mass index
BOLD	Blood oxygen level dependent
cAMP	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CREB	cAMP response element-binding protein
DKD	Diabetic kidney disease
ECM	Extracellular matrix
eGFR	Estimated glomerular filtration rate
ELF	Enhanced Liver Fibrosis
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ESKD	End-stage kidney disease
FFAR1	Free fatty acid receptor 1
FGF21	Fibroblast growth factor 21
FIB-4	Fibrosis-4 Index
FTO	Fat mass and obesity-associated protein
GDF-15	Growth differentiation factor-15
GIP	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GLP-1RAs	Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
GPCR	G protein-coupled receptor
GPR40	G protein-coupled receptor 40
GWAS	Genome-wide association studies
HbA1c	Hemoglobin A1c
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
HFpEF	Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HOMA-β	Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function
HOMA2-β	Homeostatic model assessment 2 of β-cell function
HOMA2-IR	Homeostatic model assessment 2 of insulin resistance
hsCRP	High-sensitivity C-reactive protein
hs-TnT	High-sensitivity troponin T
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
IGFBP-1/2	Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1/2
IL-6	Interleukin-6
KCNQ1	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1
KIM-1	Kidney injury molecule-1
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
MASH	Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
MC4R	Melanocortin 4 receptor
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI-PDFF	Magnetic resonance imaging–proton density fat fraction
mTOR	Mechanistic target of rapamycin
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-B
NGAL	Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
NT-proBNP	N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
PRS	Polygenic risk scores
RAMP3	Receptor activity-modifying protein 3
SORCS1	Sortilin-related VPS10 domain-containing receptor 1
T1DM	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TCA	Tricarboxylic acid
TCF7L2	Transcription factor 7-like 2
TGR5	Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TNFR1/2	Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1/2
UACR	Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio
WFS1	Wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein
YKL-40	Chitinase-3-like protein-1