8-OHdG	8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
acNPs	Acid-activated biodegradable nanoparticles
ALT/AST	Alanine/aspartate aminotransferase
AMLN	Amylin liver NASH diet
APAP	Acetaminophen
Au	Gold (nanoparticles)
BELNs	Blueberry-derived exosome-like nanoparticles
BMI	Body mass index
Cap-LNPs	Capsaicin-lignin nanoparticles
CeO2	Cerium oxide
CCl4	Carbon tetrachloride
DAMPS	Damage-associated molecular patterns
CDD	Choline-deficient diet
CD-HFD	Choline-deficient high-fat diet
CMNs	Cell-membrane nano-particles
CK	Compound K (
DBZ	Dibenzazepine (PEGylated bilirubin NPs)
DSS	Dextran sulfate sodium
EGF	Epidermal growth factor
Et (chronic)	Chronic ethanol exposure
ER stress	Endoplasmic reticulum stress
EASD	European Association for the Study of Diabetes
EASL	European Association for the Study of the Liver
EASO	European Association for the Study of Obesity
ECM	Extracellular matrix
FA	Fatty acids
FFA	Free fatty acids
FXR	Farnesoid X receptor;
GalNAc	N-acetylgalactosamine
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GSH	Glutathione
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
H-VLNs	Honey vesicle-like nanoparticles
Hep@PGEA	Hepatocyte-targeted poly(glycidyl methacrylate-ethanolamine) vector
HFD	High-fat diet
HFF	High-fat/high-fructose diet
HFHF	High-fat/high-fructose diet
HFCMCD	High-fat/high-cholesterol/methionine- and choline-deficient diet
HGF	Hepatocyte growth factor
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
HMGB1	High mobility group box-1
HSC	Hepatic stellate cell
IL-22	Interleukin-22
IR	Insulin resistance
MASLD	Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MASH	Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
mRNA-LNP	Messenger RNA–lipid nanoparticle
MSNs	Mesoporous silica nanoparticles
NASH	Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NanoCys	PEG–poly(cysteine) nanoparticles
NaYF4	Sodium yttrium fluoride
NM-FGF19	Non-mitogenic fibroblast growth factor 19
LCS-SeNPs	Chitosan selenium nanoparticles
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
OA	Oleic acid
PA	Palmitic acid
PI3K/AKT	Phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B
PLGA	Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
PNM	Platelet–neutrophil hybrid membrane
PNPLA3 I148M	Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (I148M variant)
PPARα	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
siRNA	Small interfering RNA
SCAR	Steatohepatitis-associated circRNA ATP5B Regulator
SGLT2	Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2
STZ	Streptozotocin
TEF	Naringin treatment in tissue-engineered fatty
TG	Triglycerides
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TiO2	Titanium dioxide