Table 2.
Cox proportional hazards analysis of risk factors associated with cancer-specific mortality in patients with cTa and cT1 bladder cancer based on the complete case dataset.
| Variable | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (per 10 year increase) | 1.61 (1.04–2.48) | 0.032 | 1.73 (1.09–2.74) | 0.022 |
| Sex, male vs. female | 1.06 (0.41–2.72) | 0.9 | ||
| ECOG-PS, >=2 vs. 0–1 | 3.88 (1.18–12.73) | 0.025 | 2.10 (0.61–7.56) | 0.3 |
| Smoking history | 0.79 (0.37–1.66) | 0.5 | ||
| History of NMIBC | 1.32 (0.68–2.54) | 0.4 | ||
| History of BCG | 0.58 (0.25–1.33) | 0.2 | ||
| Tumour multiplicity, multiple vs. solitary | 2.06 (0.80–5.34) | 0.1 | ||
| Size of tumours, >=3 cm vs. <3 cm | 1.52 (0.75–3.07) | 0.2 | ||
| Clinical T stage, cT1 vs. cTa | 3.28 (0.79–13.62) | 0.1 | 4.48 (1.11–20.40) | 0.043 |
| Concomitant CIS (TUR and/or RC) | 0.74 (0.39–1.42) | 0.4 | ||
| NAC, >=2 cylcles vs. 0–1 cycle | 1.18 (0.49–2.84) | 0.7 | 2.44 (0.85–5.56) | 0.066 |
| Calendar year of RC (per 1 year increase) | 0.74 (0.60–0.91) | 0.004 | 0.81 (0.61–0.92) | 0.064 |
| Surgical technique | ||||
| Laparoscopic vs. open | 0.42 (0.18–1.02) | 0.054 | 0.48 (0.15–0.90) | 0.1 |
| Robotic vs. open | 0.22 (0.03–1.59) | 0.1 | 0.40 (0.03–1.69) | 0.4 |
| LND, standard/extended vs. none/limited | 0.66 (0.29–1.50) | 0.3 | ||
| Upstaging to > = pT2 or pN+ disease | 9.00 (4.35–18.63) | < 0.001 | 6.53 (3.02–14.81) | < 0.001 |
| Histological subtype (TUR and/or RC) | 1.01 (0.44–2.54) | 0.9 | ||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 4.25 (2.06–8.79) | < 0.001 | 1.97 (0.91–4.92) | 0.12 |
Significant values are in bold.