Table 3. Apelin levels in patients with and without vascular complications.
The significance of the correlation between diabetic nephropathy and apelin levels was determined by a t-test. The significance of the correlation of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular accident with serum apelin levels was determined by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test. The significance of the correlation between the number of microvascular complications and serum apelin levels was determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test.
| Parameters | Apelin (ng/mL) | Test | p-value |
| Microvascular Complications: Nephropathy | T: 0.637 | 0.527 | |
| Present | 3.27 ± 0.93 | - | - |
| Absent | 3.12 ± 0.87 | - | - |
| Microvascular Complications: Retinopathy | W: 669 | 0.001 | |
| Present | 3.56 ± 0.83 | - | - |
| Absent | 2.83 ± 0.80 | - | - |
| Microvascular Complications: Neuropathy | W: 607 | <0.001 | |
| Present | 3.49 ± 0.74 | - | - |
| Absent | 2.41 ± 0.78 | - | - |
| Macrovascular Complications: Coronary Artery Disease | W:135 | 0.495 | |
| Present | 3.45 ± 1.21 | - | - |
| Absent | 3.16 ± 0.87 | - | - |
| Macrovascular Complications: Cerebrovascular Accident | W: 296 | 0.172 | |
| Present | 3.61 ± 0.42 | - | - |
| Absent | 3.10 ± 0.93 | - | - |
| Macrovascular Complications: Peripheral Vascular Disease | - | - | |
| Present | - | - | - |
| Absent | 3.18 ± 0.89 | - | - |
| Any Microvascular Complications | W: 437 | 0.006 | |
| Present | 3.35 ± 0.85 | - | - |
| Absent | 2.52 ± 0.77 | - | - |
| Any Macrovascular Complications | W: 402 | 0.035 | |
| Present | 3.70 ± 0.49 | - | - |
| Absent | 3.05 ± 0.92 | - | - |
| Number of Microvascular Complications | X2 :15.1 | 0.002 | |
| None | 2.52 ± 0.77 | - | - |
| 1 | 2.76 ± 0.77 | - | - |
| 2 | 3.55 ± 0.71 | - | - |
| 3 | 3.53 ± 0.90 | - | - |
| Number of Macrovascular Complications | W: 172 | 0.035 | |
| None | 3.05 ± 0.92 | - | - |
| 1 | 3.70 ± 0.49 | - | - |