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. 2026 May 27;6(5):1220–1238. doi: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-25-0648

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©2026 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research

This open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

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Figure 1. — PCNA and its cancer-associated isoform caPCNA are overexpressed in cervical cancer (CaCx). A, PCNA mRNA expression across 35 cancer types and matched normal tissues was analyzed using the GENT2 database (34). CaCx exhibited the highest overall PCNA expression and the largest differential between tumor and normal tissues. Average PCNA mRNA expression in cancer (pink dashed line) and normal tissues (blue dashed line) are indicated. B, Representative IHC images from tissue microarrays showing PCNA protein expression in normal cervical tissue (left) and cervical cancer tissue (right). Scoring of PCNA staining intensity indicates significantly elevated PCNA protein levels in CaCx compared with normal tissue (bar graph inset, ****P < 0.0001). Red arrow in normal tissue indicates expected PCNA-positive basal layer. C, IHC staining for the normal (PC10) and cancer-associated isoform of PCNA (caPCNA) in normal and CaCx tissue with adjacent nonmalignant cervical epithelium. caPCNA is strongly expressed in tumor regions but undetectable in adjacent normal basal epithelial cells or healthy cervical epithelium. D, 2D gel electrophoresis of PCNA from lysates of primary HFKs and HFKs transduced with HPV16 E6E7. Signal on the left is caPCNA, and signal on the right is normal PCNA. These findings support a model in which PCNA and caPCNA are selectively upregulated in CaCx and represent candidate therapeutic targets.