Table 2.
Comparison of baseline characteristics.
| Variable | Non-ruptured (n = 480) | Ruptured (n = 344) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age(years) | 61.21 ± 11.49 | 56.38 ± 13.37 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 266 (55.42) | 158 (45.93) | 0.007 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 109 (22.71) | 62 (18.02) | 0.102 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 64 (13.33) | 49 (14.24) | 0.708 |
| HTN history, n (%) | 280 (58.33) | 168 (48.84) | 0.007 |
| DM history, n (%) | 92 (19.17) | 51 (14.83) | 0.105 |
| CHD history, n (%) | 21 (4.38) | 18 (5.23) | 0.568 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.74 ± 3.26 | 23.85 ± 3.21 | 0.607 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 134.55 ± 23.60 | 145.74 ± 26.33 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.91 ± 12.64 | 82.38 ± 13.25 | <0.001 |
| Serum Cr (mg/dL) | 0.80 ± 0.25 | 0.89 ± 0.42 | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 15.14 ± 3.94 | 16.20 ± 7.74 | 0.019 |
| Serum UA (μmol/L) | 327.97 ± 86.40 | 259.94 ± 99.90 | <0.001 |
| Serum LDH (U/L) | 185.90 ± 50.09 | 206.38 ± 60.94 | <0.001 |
| Serum K (mmol/L) | 3.85 ± 0.42 | 3.65 ± 0.53 | <0.001 |
| Serum Cl (mmol/L) | 104.49 ± 2.79 | 103.76 ± 3.60 | 0.002 |
| Serum Na (mmol/L) | 140.05 ± 2.73 | 139.34 ± 3.32 | 0.001 |
| Serum Ca (mmol/L) | 2.28 ± 0.10 | 2.25 ± 0.13 | <0.001 |
| Urine SG | 1.02 ± 0.01 | 1.03 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Urine WBC | 54.59 ± 231.50 | 71.96 ± 332.49 | 0.377 |
| Urine RBC | 107.88 ± 789.18 | 298.37 ± 1126.95 | 0.007 |
| Urine pH | 5.96 ± 0.78 | 6.12 ± 0.85 | 0.008 |
| Urine nitrite, n (%) | 20 (4.17) | 14 (4.07) | 0.945 |
| Urine URO, n (%) | 0.859 | ||
| 0 | 427 (88.96) | 310 (90.12) | |
| 1+ | 43 (8.96) | 28 (8.14) | |
| 3+ | 10 (2.08) | 6 (1.74) | |
| Urine PRO, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 384 (80.00) | 222 (64.53) | |
| 1+ | 83 (17.29) | 108 (31.40) | |
| 2+ | 11 (2.29) | 10 (2.91) | |
| 3+ | 2 (0.42) | 4 (1.16) | |
| Urine KET, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 455 (94.79) | 252 (73.26) | |
| 1 | 25 (5.21) | 92 (26.74) |
BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HTN, hypertension; KET, ketonuria; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; Na, sodium; PRO, proteinuria; RBC, red blood cells; SG, specific gravity; UA, uric acid; WBC, white blood cells; URO, urobilinogen.
Urine PRO (Proteinuria) is classified as Grade 0 (no protein), Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), and Grade 3 (severe). Urine URO (Urobilinogen) is classified as Grade 0 (normal), Grade 1 (low), and Grade 3 (high), with elevated levels suggesting liver dysfunction or hemolysis.