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. 2026 Apr 5;16:16527. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46477-y

Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics of participants and schools (n = 1295).

Principal SMCM SHD HPE teacher Yogo teacher
Participants, n (% within role) 144 (100.0) 779 (100.0) 114 (100.0) 161 (100.0) 97 (100.0)
Sex, n (% within role)
 Male 125 (86.8) 602 (77.3) 41 (36.0) 127 (78.9) 1 (1.0)
 Female 17 (11.8) 157 (20.2) 69 (60.5) 34 (21.1) 94 (96.9)
 No answer 2 (1.4) 20 (2.6) 4 (3.5) 0 (0.0) 2 (2.1)
Age (years), mean (SD) 59.0 (1.6) 50.3 (8.2) 50.2 (9.9) 38.6 (10.5) 41.7 (10.7)
Teaching experience of SHD (years), mean (SD) – – 25.2 (10.6) – –
Current-role experience of SHD (years), mean (SD) – – 4.1 (5.4) – –
Workplace social capital, n 144 134 114 85 87
Workplace social capital, mean (SD) 24.1 (3.3) 24.9 (1.9) 24.9 (1.9) 24.9 (1.6) 24.9 (1.6)
SDH-HL (school level), mean (SD) 3.2 (0.6)
J-HPSIQ (SHD-only), mean (SD)
 Total score – – 1.8 (0.7) – –
 Adaptation – – 2.0 (0.9) – –
 Adherence – – 1.3 (0.7) – –
 Dose – – 1.7 (0.7) – –
 Participant responsiveness – – 2.1 (0.8) – –
 Integration – – 1.6 (0.8) – –
 Program differentiation – – 1.9 (0.9) – –
 Quality of delivery – – 1.6 (0.9) – –

School-level aggregated means (SD) are shown for scale scores (e.g., WSC, SDH-HL, J-HPSIQ). Participant characteristics (e.g., Age, Sex) are individual-level data presented by role. HPE = Health & Physical Education teacher, SDH-HL = health literacy on social determinants of health, SMCM= School Management Committee Members, WSC = workplace social capital, SHD = school health director.