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. 2025 Oct 7;35(6):e018989. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2025-018989

Table 2. The four-way decomposition of the total effect of continuity of care on complaints.

Mediators Effects Estimate 95% CI Proportion attributed 95% CI
Lost trust and confidence Total effect 0.091 0.082 to 0.099
Controlled direct effect 0.089 0.080 to 0.097 0.979 0.970 to 0.987
Reference interaction 0.000 −0.000 to 0.000 0.001 −0.002 to 0.003
Mediated interaction −0.001 −0.002 to −0.001 −0.014 −0.019 to −0.009
Pure indirect effect 0.003 0.002 to 0.004 0.035 0.025 to 0.045
Unmet clinical needs Total effect 0.088 0.079 to 0.097
Controlled direct effect 0.086 0.077 to 0.095 0.975 0.966 to 0.984
Reference interaction 0.000 −0.000 to 0.000 0.001 −0.001 to 0.003
Mediated interaction −0.001 −0.001 to −0.001 −0.011 −0.016 to −0.006
Pure indirect effect 0.003 0.002 to 0.004 0.035 0.025 to 0.046