Table 5.
Direct and indirect effects in the structural model
| Pathways | β | SE | Z | P | BCa 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||||
| Direct effects | ||||||
| TES→LA | -0.038 | 0.032 | -1.172 | 0.241 | -0.100 | 0.026 |
| POE→LA | -0.007 | 0.044 | -0.162 | 0.872 | -0.094 | 0.078 |
| COI→LA | -0.008 | 0.129 | -0.061 | 0.952 | -0.255 | 0.258 |
| Indirect effects | ||||||
| TES→Exhau→FLA | 0.021 | 0.009 | 2.234 | 0.025 | 0.006 | 0.045 |
| TES→Cyn→FLA | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.086 | 0.931 | -0.012 | 0.021 |
| TES→Ineff→FLA | 0.027 | 0.012 | 2.154 | 0.031 | 0.005 | 0.055 |
| POE→Exhau→FLA | 0.002 | 0.009 | 0.179 | 0.858 | -0.016 | 0.021 |
| POE→Cyn→FLA | 0.003 | 0.010 | 0.296 | 0.767 | -0.013 | 0.028 |
| POE→Ineff→FLA | 0.126 | 0.024 | 5.211 | p < 0.001 | 0.083 | 0.177 |
| COI→Exhau→FLA | 0.119 | 0.037 | 3.229 | 0.001 | 0.050 | 0.198 |
| COI→Cyn→FLA | 0.065 | 0.101 | 0.650 | 0.516 | -0.141 | 0.257 |
| COI→Ineff→FLA | 0.103 | 0.024 | 4.341 | p < 0.001 | 0.063 | 0.156 |
β refers to standardized coefficients
Significant pathways are in bold
TES teacher emotional support, Exhau emotional exhaustion, Cyn Cynicism, Ineff reduced efficacy, POE perseverance of effort, COI consistency of interest, FLA foreign language achievement