Table 1.

Descriptive statistics (Z-scores) for each sex, Cohen’s d and variance ratios (VR).

Predictor	Males			Females			Group Comparison
	N	M	SD	N	M	SD	Cohen’s d (95% CI)	VR
Verbal Fluency	1254	− 0.17	0.98	1427	0.15	0.99	0.32 (0.24, 0.40)	0.99
Verbal Episodic Memory	1239	− 0.23	0.98	1399	0.20	0.97	0.44 (0.36, 0.52)	1.02
Face Recognition	1234	− 0.16	0.98	1415	0.14	1.00	0.30 (0.22, 0.37)	0.95
Emotion Recognition	1210	− 0.11	1.02	1394	0.09	0.98	0.20 (0.13, 0.28)	1.08
Line Angle Judgment	1298	0.35	1.00	1456	− 0.31	0.90	− 0.70 (− 0.77, − 0.62)	1.23
Mental Rotation	1216	0.36	0.91	1396	− 0.31	0.97	− 0.72 (− 0.80, − 0.64)	0.88
Openness	1216	− 0.06	1.01	1394	0.05	0.99	0.10 (0.03, 0.18)	1.03
Conscientiousness	1216	− 0.23	1.00	1394	0.20	0.96	0.44 (0.36, 0.51)	1.08
Extraversion	1216	− 0.17	1.00	1394	0.15	0.97	0.32 (0.24, 0.40)	1.06
Agreeableness	1216	− 0.19	1.05	1394	0.16	0.93	0.35 (0.27, 0.43)	1.29
Neuroticism	1216	− 0.23	0.99	1394	0.20	0.96	0.44 (0.36, 0.52)	1.05
Interest in People	1287	− 0.19	1.00	1454	0.17	0.97	0.37 (0.30, 0.45)	1.06
Interest in Things	1287	0.51	0.91	1454	− 0.45	0.84	− 1.11 (− 1.19, − 1.02)	1.17

Total N varies between 2604 and 2754. Cohen’s d is reported with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. VR = variance ratio (SD²_men / SD²_women); values above 1.0 indicate greater male variability.