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. 2026 May 27;16:16572. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-53824-6

Table 2.

Regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals predicting female sex.

Predictors Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI
(Intercept) 1.15 1.06–1.25 1.20 1.09–1.31 1.21 1.10–1.34 1.21 1.09–1.35
Verbal Fluency 1.26 1.16–1.37 1.48 1.34–1.63 1.43 1.29–1.59 1.31 1.17–1.46
Verbal Episodic Memory 1.43 1.31–1.56 1.57 1.43–1.74 1.61 1.45–1.80 1.74 1.55–1.95
Face Recognition 1.23 1.13–1.34 1.26 1.14–1.39 1.27 1.14–1.41 1.20 1.08–1.35
Emotion Recognition 1.09 1.00–1.18 1.16 1.05–1.28 1.14 1.03–1.27 1.13 1.01–1.26
Line Angle Judgment 0.48 0.43–0.53 0.49 0.44–0.55 0.50 0.44–0.56
Mental Rotation 0.42 0.38–0.47 0.47 0.42–0.52 0.56 0.50–0.64
Openness 0.85 0.76–0.95 0.95 0.84–1.06
Conscientiousness 1.65 1.47–1.84 1.58 1.41–1.78
Extraversion 1.28 1.15–1.43 1.25 1.11–1.41
Agreeableness 1.49 1.34–1.67 1.33 1.17–1.51
Neuroticism 2.23 1.99–2.52 1.93 1.71–2.20
Interest in People 1.02 0.90–1.16
Interest in Things 0.41 0.36–0.46
AIC 3254.9 2655.0 2383.0 2162.2
BIC 3284.0 2695.7 2452.7 2243.5
RMSE 0.48 0.42 0.40 0.37
df 5 7 12 14
Δχ2 172.5 603.9 282.1 224.8
Tjur’s R2 0.07 0.28 0.37 0.44
Nagelkerke’s R2 0.09 0.36 0.46 0.54

Females are coded 1 and males 0. AIC = Akaike Information Criterion, BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion, RMSE = Root Mean Square Error. Δχ2 reflects the likelihood ratio test comparing each model to the preceding model.