Figure 2. Distribution of integrated HIV DNA in CD4⁺ T cell subsets in early-ART-treated Thai children.

(A) Percentage of CD4⁺ T cell subsets (naive, central memory [CM], transitional memory [TM], and effector memory [EM]) among total CD4⁺ T cells in 14 early ART-treated children. (B) Frequency of cells harboring integrated HIV DNA in sorted CD4⁺ T cell subsets from the same individuals. Undetectable measurements are represented as unfilled symbols, and the half of the LOD are plotted. (C) Contribution of each CD4⁺ T cell subset to the pool of HIV-infected cells from each individual. In panels A and B, red lines denote median values, whereas in panel C, they denote mean values. Each sample is represented by a unique color-coded symbol and unique ID, followed by the number of years on suppressive ART. Data were log₁₀-transformed, and mixed effects analyses were performed, followed by Tukey’s test to identify differences between the CD4⁺ T cell subsets. PMA/ionomycin-stimulated cells and unstimulated cells are plotted as circles and squares, respectively. (D) Comparison of the contribution of the percentage of CD4⁺ T cell subsets to the pool of circulating CD4⁺ T cells and to the pool of HIV-infected cells, summarized by pie charts displaying the mean proportions across individuals. Wilcoxon’s matched pairs signed-rank test was used to compare the contribution of each CD4⁺ T cell subset to the pool of circulating cells with its contribution to the pool of HIV-infected cells.