Table 13.
Physical constraint violation rates by model and city.
| City | Model | Negative Predictions | Upper-Bound Violations | Physically Invalid Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abha | Hybrid_EVT | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| CNN–BiLSTM | 0.00% | 0.02% | 0.02% | |
| Transformer | 0.01% | 0.11% | 0.12% | |
| NN-Only | 0.00% | 0.07% | 0.07% | |
| KAN-Only | 0.00% | 2.18% | 2.18% | |
| Dammam | Hybrid_EVT | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| CNN–BiLSTM | 0.00% | 0.03% | 0.03% | |
| Transformer | 0.01% | 0.12% | 0.13% | |
| NN-Only | 0.00% | 0.08% | 0.08% | |
| KAN-Only | 0.00% | 2.31% | 2.31% | |
| Jeddah | Hybrid_EVT | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| CNN–BiLSTM | 0.00% | 0.02% | 0.02% | |
| Transformer | 0.01% | 0.09% | 0.10% | |
| NN-Only | 0.00% | 0.06% | 0.06% | |
| KAN-Only | 0.00% | 1.92% | 1.92% | |
| Riyadh | Hybrid_EVT | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| CNN–BiLSTM | 0.00% | 0.04% | 0.04% | |
| Transformer | 0.02% | 0.14% | 0.16% | |
| NN-Only | 0.01% | 0.09% | 0.10% | |
| KAN-Only | 0.00% | 2.89% | 2.89% | |
| Tabuk | Hybrid_EVT | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| CNN–BiLSTM | 0.00% | 0.03% | 0.03% | |
| Transformer | 0.01% | 0.13% | 0.14% | |
| NN-Only | 0.00% | 0.08% | 0.08% | |
| KAN-Only | 0.00% | 2.42% | 2.42% | |
| Average | Hybrid_EVT | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| CNN–BiLSTM | 0.00% | 0.03% | 0.03% | |
| Transformer | 0.01% | 0.12% | 0.13% | |
| NN-Only | 0.00% | 0.08% | 0.08% | |
| KAN-Only | 0.00% | 2.34% | 2.34% |