Table 12.

Runtime and computational complexity of forecasting models.

Model	Training time (s)	Inference time / Sample (ms)	Model size (MB)	Computational complexity (Relative)	Suitability for real-time
Gradient Boosting	Low	Low	Small	Low	High
XGBoost	Medium	Low–Medium	Medium	Medium	High
LightGBM	Low	Very Low	Small	Low	Very High
CatBoost	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	High
Neural Network	High	Medium	Large	High	Moderate
LSTM	Very High	High	Very Large	Very High	Low
Proposed Stacked Regressor	Medium	Low	Medium	Medium	Very High