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. 2026 Apr 10;16:16871. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47042-3

Table 9.

Training and inference time of forecasting models.

Model Training Time (s) Inference Time per Sample (ms)
Gradient Boosting 1.8 1.4
XGBoost 2.4 1.7
LightGBM 1.5 1.2
CatBoost 2.6 1.9
Neural Network 5.9 6.8
LSTM 9.4 11.6
Stacked Regressor 3.1 2.2