Genetic disruption of complex I in cybrid cells stimulates ROS production and promotes Bax-dependent cytochrome c release. (a) Isolated mitochondria from mutant 3460/ND1 cybrids (cybrid mt) exhibit reduced complex I-driven mitochondrial respiration, as assessed by monitoring oxygen consumption supported by NADH-linked substrates glutamate/malate. (b) Impairment of mitochondrial respiration in mutant 3460/ND1 cybrids is associated with an increased production of ROS that was quenched by 50 μM of M40401. (c) Recombinant Bax (≈100 nM) induced a marked release (≈50%) of cytochrome c in mitochondria isolated from mutant 3460/ND1 cybrids but not from wild-type cybrids (cybrid wt) or parental osteosarcoma cells. This effect was attenuated by 50 μM M40401. *, P < 0.05, compared with noncybrid and cybrid wild-type mitochondria; **, P < 0.05, compared with mutant cybrid mitochondria.