Fig. 5: Coordination dynamics mediate associations between medication and state engagement.

(a) Mediation analysis linking CPZ-equivalent dose to integrative state engagement through feedforward-state dynamics. CPZ dose was significantly associated with feedforward-state metrics (path a), which in turn were significantly associated with reduced integrative engagement (path b). The indirect effect (path ab) was significant for both fraction rate (FR) and mean dwell time (MDT), while the direct effect (path c) was not significant, indicating a fully mediated association within the tested statistical model. These results demonstrate that pharmacological effects on integrative coordination are expressed indirectly through modulation of feedforwardstate dynamics. (b) Mediation analysis linking CPZ-equivalent dose to feedback state engagement revealed no significant mediation, as the indirect effect (path ab) was not significant. This indicates that CPZ-related effects are specifically routed through feedforward dynamics and selectively impact integrative engagement rather than feedback coordination. Together, these findings suggest that CPZ selectively reduces integrative engagement indirectly by increasing engagement in the feedforward directional regime.