TABLE 2.
Characteristics of Adolescent-only Serving Substance Use Treatment Facilities Associated With Offering Nicotine Replacement Therapies and Non-nicotine Replacement Therapies
| Adolescent-only Facilities; n = 367 (2.6%)* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NRT (n = 62) | Non-NRT (n = 54) | |||||
| Characteristic | n (%)† | Multivariate Odds Ratios; aOR (95% CI)‡ | P | n (%)† | Multivariate Odds Ratios; aOR (95% CI)‡ | P |
| Treatment Focus | ||||||
| Substance use treatment focus only | 25 (14.5) | Reference | Reference | 20 (11.6) | Reference | ref |
| Mixed substance use and mental health focus | 37 (19.0) | 0.89 (0.42, 1.9) | 0.77 | 34 (17.4) | 1.33 (0.61, 2.88) | 0.476 |
| Ownership | ||||||
| Private, for-profit | 13 (18.1) | Reference | Reference | 11 (15.3) | Reference | ref |
| Private, non-profit | 43 (17.0) | 2.14 (0.68, 6.77) | 0.194 | 36 (14.2) | 1.42 (0.44, 4.58) | 0.56 |
| State/local/federal/tribal govt | 6 (14.3) | 1.16 (0.28, 4.89) | 0.838 | 7 (16.7) | 1.28 (0.29, 5.68) | 0.741 |
| Region | ||||||
| Northeast | 11 (44.0) | Reference | Reference | 5 (20.0) | Reference | ref |
| Midwest | 15 (25.4) | 0.32 (0.08, 1.25) | 0.102 | 13 (22.0) | 1.29 (0.3, 5.63) | 0.732 |
| South | 10 (11.4) | 0.18 (0.03, 0.9) | 0.037 | 10 (11.4) | 1.54 (0.29, 8.19) | 0.61 |
| West | 26 (13.3) | 0.22 (0.06, 0.83) | 0.026 | 26 (13.3) | 1.02 (0.25, 4.11) | 0.977 |
| Integrated primary-care | ||||||
| No | 36 (12.3) | Reference | Reference | 25 (8.9) | Reference | ref |
| Yes | 26 (34.7) | 3.82 (1.67, 8.74) | 0.002 | 29 (38.7) | 6.51 (2.89, 14.65) | < 0.001 |
| Accepts Medicaid | ||||||
| No | 10 (9.4) | Reference | Reference | 7 (6.6) | Reference | ref |
| Yes | 52 (19.9) | 0.64 (0.19, 2.19) | 0.482 | 47 (18.0) | 1.42 (0.37, 5.4) | 0.608 |
| Accepts private insurance | ||||||
| No | 2 (1.4) | Reference | Reference | 4 (2.7) | Reference | ref |
| Yes | 60 (27.2) | 25.25 (5.09, 125.16) | < 0.001 | 50 (22.6) | 7.89 (2.35, 26.5) | 0.001 |
| Medicaid expanded state | ||||||
| No | 9 (13.6) | Reference | Reference | 8 (12.1) | Reference | ref |
| Yes | 53 (17.6) | 1.57 (0.44, 5.55) | 0.488 | 46 (15.3) | 2.48 (0.68, 9.09) | 0.171 |
| Outpatient substance use treatment | ||||||
| No | 29 (39.7) | Reference | Reference | 24 (32.9) | Reference | ref |
| Yes | 33 (11.2) | 0.57 (0.19, 1.68) | 0.305 | 30 (10.2) | 0.8 (0.25, 2.54) | 0.709 |
| Inpatient substance use treatment | ||||||
| No | 55 (15.7) | Reference | Reference | 49 (14.0) | — | — |
| Yes | 7 (41.2) | 2.31 (0.63, 8.41) | 0.205 | 5 (29.4) | 2.28 (0.61, 8.48) | 0.221 |
| Residential substance use treatment | ||||||
| No | 25 (9.7) | Reference | Reference | 22 (8.6) | Reference | ref |
| Yes | 37 (33.6) | 2.16 (0.75, 6.25) | 0.156 | 32 (29.1) | 2.79 (0.9, 8.67) | 0.076 |
| Screening for tobacco use | ||||||
| No | 5 (7.8) | Reference | Reference | 1 (1.6) | Reference | ref |
| Yes | 57 (18.8) | 1.51 (0.44, 5.23) | 0.514 | 53 (17.5) | 11.72 (1.40, 98.06) | 0.023 |
| Education and counseling for smoking/tobacco cessation | ||||||
| No | 5 (4.9) | Reference | Reference | 7 (6.8) | Reference | ref |
| Yes | 57 (21.6) | 6.36 (2.09, 19.34) | 0.001 | 47 (17.8) | 2.23 (0.77, 6.45) | 0.137 |
| Vaping policy | ||||||
| Not allowed | 55 (17.1) | Reference | Reference | 46 (14.3) | Reference | ref |
| Allowed | 7 (15.6) | 0.61 (0.06, 5.77) | 0.664 | 8 (17.8) | 2.5 (0.12, 51.84) | 0.553 |
| Smoking policy | ||||||
| Not allowed | 52 (16.7) | Reference | Reference | 45 (14.5) | Reference | ref |
| Allowed | 10 (17.9) | 2.17 (0.28, 16.67) | 0.457 | 9 (16.1) | 0.8 (0.05, 14.19) | 0.882 |
Bold indicates statistical significance P < 0.05. Bold indicates statistical significance P < 0.005.
Includes facilities serving only patients who meet the AAP definition of adolescence (11–21 y).
Percentages are calculated out of a denominator of number of facilities that have the characteristic.
Odds ratios are estimated using multivariable logistic regression models controlling for and ownership (private for-profit, private not-for-profit or government owned), treatment focus (substance use or both substance use and mental health), accepted insurances, treatment setting (inpatient, outpatient, or residential), integrated primary-care programs, smoking-policies, vaping-policies, tobacco use screening and counseling, US census region, and state Medicaid-expansion status.
NRT indicates nicotine replacement therapy; aOR, adjusted odds ratio.