Table 3.

Behavioral variables observed during the 4-min open field test.

Behavior	Description
Latency to enter (s)	Time taken for a sheep to enter the test pen with both hind legs.
Squares entered (frequency)	Frequency of all four hooves passing over a marked grid line.
Sniffing (frequency)	Frequency of nose contact with the arena floor or wall.
Bleats (frequency)	Number of clearly audible vocalizations emitted during the test.
Latency to bleat (s)	Latency from test pen entry to the first bleat.