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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jun 6.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2026 Apr 20;211:110270. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2026.110270

Figure 8. Activation of NMDA receptors alleviates aberrant neuronal activity induced by prenatal exposure to PM or BaP.

Figure 8.

Ex vivo hippocampal neuron cultures were prepared from offspring prenatally exposed to Veh, PM (200 μg/kg), or BaP (200 μg/kg), with or without NMDA. NMDA was applied to hippocampal neurons at DIV 3. Veh refers to the application of DPBS at a volume equivalent to NMDA. Spontaneous neuronal activity and network function were measured by MEA at DIV 17. Each dot represents the mean value for an independent litter. Numbers denote the number of independent cultures.

(A) Spike trace recordings from 16 MEA electrodes. Individual spikes (black), burst firing (blue), and network bursts (pink) are indicated. A magnified view of network burst firing corresponding to the dashed black box is shown.

(B) Quantification of spike and burst counts, burst duration, network burst number, and spikes per burst or network burst. Veh (n = 5; 2 male and 3 female), PM 200 μg/kg (n = 5; 2 male and 3 female), BaP 200 μg/kg (n = 5; 2 male and 3 female), Veh + NMDA (n = 5; 2 male and 3 female), PM 200 μg/kg + NMDA (n = 5; 2 male and 3 female), BaP 200 μg/kg + NMDA (n = 5; 2 male and 3 female). Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.