Skip to main content
. 2026 Jun 6;65(4):156. doi: 10.1007/s00394-026-04011-w

Table 4.

Edible portion, energy and nutrient daily intake, based on the data of the three-day food record (3-DFR)

Nutrient Control group AD group P value Adjusted P valuea
Edible portion (g/day) 16.63 (3.418) 14.11 (3.306) 0.000351 0.00334
Energy intake (kcal/day) 2024.8 (509.63) 1864.7 (340.16) 0.0721
Total protein (g/day) 84.34 (23.70) 88.76 (29.44) 0.414 0.01270
Animal protein (g/day) 60.74 (18.62) 69.68 (29.34) 0.0743 0.0049
Plant-based protein (g/day) 23.59 (8.953) 19.08 (6.649) 0.00588 0.0337
Lipids (g/day) 108.6 (26.73) 100.7 (19.66) 0.0982 0.8470
Saturated fatty acids (g/day) 27.39 (8.972) 26.25 (7.698) 0.499 0.2350
Monounsaturated fatty acids (g/day) 53.47 (10.06) 49.99 (7.426) 0.0551 0.4070
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/day) 18.83 (9.489) 16.03 (6.786) 0.098 0.501
Cholesterol (mg/day) 377.1 (132.03) 388.3 (120.83) 0.663 0.2840
Total carbohydrates (g/day) 158.8 (52.05) 139.1 (37.92) 0.0363 0.272
Simple sugars/carbohydrates (g/day) 77.80 (26.45) 71.41 (27.05) 0.24 0.78
Dietary fiber (g/day) 21.17 (7.519) 17.90 (6.503) 0.0237 0.1130
Digestible polysaccharides (g/day) 81.07 (42.02) 67.73 (19.12) 0.0486 0.297
Sodium (mg/day) 2151.3 (832.7) 2029.3 (753.1) 0.449 0.4840
Potassium (mg/day) 3112.1 (749.7) 2751.1 (645.4) 0.0124 0.0872
Calcium (mg/day) 715.5 (214.3) 663.4 (196.9) 0.214 0.7530
Magnesium (mg/day) 308.2 (99.31) 270.1 (92.82) 0.053 0.3300
Phosphorus (mg/day) 1229.8 (321.5) 1204.9 (280.0) 0.684 0.1760
Iron (mg/day) 12.38 (3.778) 10.92 (3.791) 0.0591 0.2930
Zinc (mg/day) 8.617 (4.563) 7.917 (1.997) 0.332 0.1959
Vitamin A (µg/day) 1308.9 (2502.2) 817.6 (983.5) 0.209 0.2300
Retinoids (µg/day) 809.9 (2547.2) 402.4 (978.5) 0.304 0.2700
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)(mg/day) 1.221 (0.410) 1.542 (1.120) 0.0624 0.0166
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin(mg/day) 1.706 (0.592) 1.594 (0.460) 0.299 0.789
Vitamin B6 (mg/day) 1.889 (0.687) 1.787 (0.476) 0.395 0.8290
Vitamin B12 (µg/day) 8.236 (10.88) 6.165 (5.218) 0.237 0.2650
Vitamin C (mg/day) 146.9 (86.99) 104.1 (55.43) 0.00498 0.0135
Vitamin D (µg/day) 4.592 (3.940) 6.108 (7.009) 0.188 0.0663
Vitamin E (mg/day) 15.78 (6.826) 15.49 (8.815) 0.856 0.4470
Niacin (mg/day) 19.53 (6.309) 19.78 (6.134) 0.841 0.1410
Folate/Folic acid (µg/day) 290.6 (88.92) 241.2 (88.10) 0.00687 0.0343
Carotenoids (µg/day) 2993.2 (1483.5) 2494.3 (1974.9) 0.16 0.3320
Water (mL/day) 1407.9 (321.6) 1157.7 (290.9) 0.000111 0.00164
Ethanol (g/day) 10.05 (12.99) 6.123 (10.01) 0.0978 0.2980

Control group (n = 48), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) group (n = 50)

Mean (standard deviation)

a Adjusted by energy intake

Significant differences are indicated in bold