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. 2026 Jun 6;16:17537. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-55860-8

Table 1.

Liver and spleen indices among different Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice groups, treated with praziquantel and dapagliflozin as mono- or combined therapy.

Mice groups Liver index a Spleen index a
Infected non-treated (n = 6) 7.05 ± 0.79 1.44 ± 0.19
DMSO (n= 5) 6.89 ± 0.29 1.34 ± 0.23
PZQ (n = 6) 5.81 ± 0.97(17.59) * 0.81 ± 0.35(43.75) *
DAPA (n = 5) 6.05 ± 0.23 (14.18) * 1.04 ± 0.05 (27.78) *
DAPA + PZQ (n =  6) 5.86 ± 0.13 (16.88) * 0.83 ± 0.10 (42.36) *
P-value P = 0.003 P ≤ 0.001

a Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviation

Values enclosed between parentheses represent the percentage of reduction, compared to infected non-treated group

DAPA: dapagliflozin; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; PZQ: praziquantel

* Significant difference against infected non-treated, and DMSO-treated groups at P˂ 0.05