Table 2.

Key themes, sub-themes, and categories identified from in-depth interviews on WASH FIT during 2022 in Zimbabwe

Themes	Sub-themes	Categories
Theme 1: WASH FIT Implementation	1.1. Training (394)	• Training status • Timing • Trainer • Contents • Adequacy • Request for Additional Training
	1.2. Awareness (127)	• General knowledge of WASH FIT by HCF staff • Knowledge of WASH FIT steps • Knowledge of WASH FIT domains
	1.3. Assessment (238)	• Participation status • WASH FIT forms and tools used • Appropriateness of WASH FIT assessment indicators
	1.4. Team Membership and Roles (507)	• HCF staff participation • Community participation • Skillset of WASH FIT team • Supervision and monitoring • Technical guidance and training • Newly created or existing team • Environmental cleaning
	1.5. Meetings (312)	• Participation status • Frequency • Meeting records and minutes • Chairperson • Encouragement for meeting participation • Topics covered
	1.6. HCF Activities (548)	• Frequency • Required resources • Source of resources and support • Supervision visits • Problem solving • Supply use
	1.7. Improvement Plans (157)	• Development of improvement plans • Timeline • Progress monitoring • Contents
Theme 2: WASH FIT Results	2.1. Improvements and Positive Changes (601)	• Health service utilization by patients • Patient and staff satisfaction • Reductions of infections and health improvements • Water supply and storage • Water availability for washing instruments, handwashing, cleaning, and sanitation facilities • Sanitation infrastructure • Handwashing infrastructure and behaviors • Waste management and separation • Environmental cleaning practice and cleanliness • Energy and solar geyser • IPC knowledge and measures • HCF management, protocols, and procedures • Utilization of improved WASH services and assessment findings • Tasks changed after the introduction of WASH FIT
	2.2. Remaining Gaps (155)	• Limited documentation • Water supply • Sanitation facilities • Handwashing infrastructure • Waste management • Energy availability
	2.3. Challenges (357)	• Staff shortage • Lack of skills • Contractor management • Time not a challenge • Senior management support not a challenge • Limited funding • Transport • Supply shortage • Funds not a challenge • Supplies not a challenge • Skills not a challenge
	2.4. Perceptions (410)	• Water improvements as the best part of WASH FIT • No worst part in WASH FIT • No negative experience • Perceived cost effectiveness of WASH FIT • Positive perceptions of WASH FIT by other HCF staff • WASH FIT tools working fine • WASH FIT approach working fine
Theme 3: WASH FIT Recommendations and Plans for the Future	3.1. Additional Implementation and WASH FIT Updates (285)	• More supervision visits • More training opportunities • Training for all cadres of HCF staff • More infrastructure upgrades • Inclusion of more people in WASH FIT team
	3.2. Recommendations for other HCFs (17)	• Acceptance • WASH FIT implementation • Monitoring and assessment support
	3.3. Continuation and Expansion (140)	• Willing to continue implementing WASH FIT • Willing to expand WASH FIT to other HCFs

Figures in parentheses show how many times sub-themes were coded through the listed categories