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. 2026 May 25;17:1830373. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1830373

Table 2.

Mediation model effects.

Predictor Path β t p 95% CI
SA SA → EE 0.185 4.837 <0.001 [0.127, 0.299]
EE → PI −0.309 −8.041 <0.001 [−0.271, −0.165]
Direct effect (SA → PI) 0.077 2.011 0.045 [0.001, 0.123]
Total effect (SA → PI) 0.020 0.497 0.619 [−0.047, 0.078]
Indirect effect (SA → EE → PI) −0.057 - - [−0.087, −0.030]
DA DA → EE −0.188 −4.917 <0.001 [−0.415, −0.178]
EE → PI −0.217 −6.190 <0.001 [−0.201, −0.104]
Direct effect (DA → PI) 0.407 11.689 <0.001 [0.377, 0.529]
Total effect (DA → PI) 0.447 12.738 <0.001 [0.421, 0.575]
Indirect effect (DA → EE → PI) 0.041 - - [0.016, 0.071]
ENFE ENFE → EE −0.169 −4.349 <0.001 [−0.358, −0.135]
EE → PI −0.228 −6.492 <0.001 [−0.209, −0.112]
Direct effect (ENFE→PI) 0.395 11.229 <0.001 [0.336, 0.479]
Total effect (ENFE→PI) 0.434 12.121 <0.001 [0.375, 0.520]
Indirect effect (ENFE→EE → PI) 0.038 - - [0.014, 0.068]

SA, surface acting; DA, deep acting; ENFE, expression of naturally felt emotions; EE, emotional exhaustion; PI, professional identity.