Table 2.
Demographic characteristics, CKD-related knowledge, practice, and perceived barriers among primary healthcare providers (N = 960).
| Variable | Total (N = 960) | CHCs (n = 293) | THCs (n = 667) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and professional characteristics | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 412 (42.9) | 125 (42.7) | 287 (43.0) | 0.681 |
| Female, n (%) | 548 (57.1) | 168 (57.3) | 380 (57.0) | |
| Institution type, n (%) | – | |||
| Community health centers (CHCs) | 293 (30.5) | 293 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Township health centers (THCs) | 667 (69.5) | 0 (0.0) | 667 (100.0) | |
| Job category, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Nurse | 380 (39.6) | 131 (44.7) | 249 (37.3) | |
| Public health physician | 193 (20.1) | 55 (18.8) | 138 (20.7) | |
| Surgeon | 145 (15.1) | 38 (13.0) | 107 (16.0) | |
| General practitioner | 121 (12.6) | 36 (12.3) | 85 (12.7) | |
| Internist | 121 (12.6) | 33 (11.3) | 88 (13.2) | |
| Working years, mean ± SD (years) | 11.2 ± 6.4 | 12.6 ± 6.1 | 10.7 ± 6.5 | <0.001 |
| CKD-related knowledge | ||||
| Correct–Basic definition, n (%) | 576 (60.0) | 185 (63.1) | 391 (58.6) | 0.03 |
| Correct–High-risk group identification, n (%) | 624 (65.0) | 196 (66.9) | 428 (64.2) | 0.07 |
| Correct–Core diagnostic indicators, n (%) | 384 (40.0) | 132 (45.1) | 252 (37.8) | 0.01 |
| Correct–Staging principles, n (%) | 365 (38.0) | 118 (40.3) | 247 (37.0) | 0.11 |
| Correct–Key management principles, n (%) | 403 (42.0) | 126 (43.0) | 277 (41.5) | 0.19 |
| Overall knowledge attainment, n (%) | 459 (47.8) | 161 (55.0) | 298 (44.7) | 0.05 |
| CKD management practice | ||||
| Proactive screening, n (%) | 240 (25.0) | 82 (28.0) | 158 (23.7) | 0.02 |
| Regular follow-up, n (%) | 381 (39.7) | 120 (41.0) | 261 (39.1) | 0.15 |
| Standardized referral, n (%) | 288 (30.0) | 94 (32.0) | 194 (29.1) | 0.19 |
| Perceived barriers | ||||
| Lack of knowledge/skills, n (%) | 612 (63.8) | 176 (60.1) | 436 (65.4) | 0.01 |
| Limited testing capacity, n (%) | 432 (45.0) | 138 (47.1) | 294 (44.1) | 0.13 |
| Inadequate essential medication supply, n (%) | 480 (50.0) | 152 (51.9) | 328 (49.2) | 0.22 |
| Inadequate referral/follow-up system, n (%) | 499 (52.0) | 161 (55.0) | 338 (50.7) | 0.12 |
Data are presented as n (%), mean ± standard deviation, or %. Comparisons were made between community health service centers and township health centers.