Table 3.
Distribution of ACR results and renal biopsy pathological characteristics (N = 166).
| Variable | Category / Value | Statistic / n (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACR testing indicators | |||
| Distribution pattern | Right-skewed | Kolmogorov–Smirnov test | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR), mg/mmol | Overall | 6.2 (3.2–9.8) | – |
| Female | 6.5 (3.5–9.0) | Mann–Whitney U = 2,456, P = 0.04 | |
| Male | 6.0 (3.0–10.0) | ||
| Clinical stratification, n (%) | ACR < 3 mg/mmol | 72 (43.4%) | – |
| ACR 3–30 mg/mmol | 66 (39.8%) | – | |
| ACR > 30 mg/mmol | 28 (16.9%) | – | |
| Proteinuria (ACR ≥ 3 mg/mmol), n (%) | Female | 40/86 (46.5%) | χ2 = 1.52, P = 0.21 |
| Male | 32/80 (40.0%) | ||
| Renal biopsy pathological spectrum | |||
| Pathological types, n (%) | IgA nephropathy | 48 (28.9%) | <0.001 (χ2 test) |
| Minimal change disease | 40 (24.1%) | ||
| Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) | 24 (14.5%) | ||
| Lupus nephritis | 22 (13.3%) | ||
| Membranoproliferative GN (MPGN) | 18 (10.8%) | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 14 (8.4%) | ||
| Median age by pathology, years (IQR) | IgA nephropathy | 49 (45–55) | <0.001 (Kruskal-Wallis test) |
| Minimal change disease | 42 (39–47) | ||
| MPGN | 60 (58–65) | ||
| Gender tendency by pathology (%) | MPGN (male dominant) | 65 | – |
| Lupus nephritis (female dominant) | 70 | – | |