Table 3.
Latent moderated mediation analysis (N = 1,176)
| β | z | SE | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mediator variable model predicting Shyness | ||||
| Gender | 0.082** | 3.088 | 0.027 | [0.029, 0.135] |
| Grade | −0.095** | −3.588 | 0.026 | [−0.146, −0.044] |
| PEL | 0.066* | 2.411 | 0.027 | [0.013, 0.119] |
| PPC | 0.091* | 2.427 | 0.038 | [0.017, 0.165] |
| TSR | −0.604** | −17.992 | 0.034 | [−0.671, −0.537] |
| PPC × TSR | 0.072* | 2.231 | 0.032 | [0.009, 0.135] |
| Dependent variable model predicting PSU | ||||
| Gender | −0.081* | −2.675 | 0.030 | [−0.140, −0.022] |
| Grade | 0.173** | 5.888 | 0.029 | [0.116, 0.230] |
| PEL | 0.057* | 2.009 | 0.028 | [0.002, 0.112] |
| PPC | 0.261** | 6.060 | 0.043 | [0.177, 0.345] |
| shyness | 0.327** | 7.900 | 0.041 | [0.247, 0.407] |
| Conditional effect | Effect | SE | LLCI | ULCI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M − 1SD | 0.007 | 0.020 | −0.032 | 0.046 |
| M | 0.034 | 0.015 | 0.005 | 0.063 |
| M + 1SD | 0.062 | 0.019 | 0.023 | 0.099 |
| Index of moderated mediation | 0.027 | 0.013 | 0.002 | 0.052 |
Conditional indirect effects were tested via the Delta method, as numerical integration in latent moderated mediation precludes the use of bootstrapping
PPC parental psychological control, TSR teacher–student relationship, PSU problematic smartphone use, PEL parental educational level
CI = confidence interval. *p < 0.05(two-tailed). **p < 0.01(two-tailed). All βs are standardized coefficients