Table 4.
Serum test results (n = 21)
| Measurement |
Week 0 Mean (SD) |
Week 16 Mean (SD) |
Change % |
p value* |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 7.5 (1.4) | 6.3 (1.0) | -16.0 | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 9.08 (4.09) | 7.57 (2.63) | -16.6 | 0.04 |
| Total cholesterol†, mmol/L | 4.61 (1.40) | 4.54 (1.26) | -1.5 | 0.7 |
| Triglyceride†, mmol/L | 2.69 (2.87) | 1.57 (1.38) | -41.6 | 0.001 |
| HDL-C†, mmol/L | 0.92 (0.20) | 0.99 (0.22) | 7.6 | 0.08 |
| LDL-C†, mmol/L | 2.51 (0.64) | 2.77 (0.89) | 10.4 | 0.1 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 138.2 (3.4) | 140.2 (3.4) | 1.4 | 0.02 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.2 (0.4) | 4.2 (0.3) | 0 | 0.2 |
| Chloride, mmol/L | 101.0 (3.4) | 103.8 (2.8) | 2.8 | 0.001 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 28.8 (2.0) | 28.2 (2.5) | -2.1 | 0.3 |
| Urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 5.90 (1.90) | 6.27 (1.81) | 6.3 | 0.3 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 82.8 (20.4) | 79.9 (19.1) | -3.5 | 0.3 |
| Calcium†, mmol/L | 2.32 (0.11) | 2.33 (0.08) | 0.4 | 0.8 |
| Uric acid†, μmol/L | 403.5 (94.6) | 352.1 (85.4) | -10.3 | 0.01 |
| TSH†, mIU/L | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.4 (0.7) | -12.7 | 0.2 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 142 (11) | 141 (10) | -0.7 | 0.8 |
Legend: TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone, HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
* By paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-ranks test.
† Serum calcium, TSH, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-C results are based on n of 20 because one participant did not have these tests at baseline. Uric acid is based on n of 19. LDL-C is based on n of 17 because triglyceride levels were too high at baseline to calculate LDL-C in 3 participants.